[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/zviratko-ktere-tvori-perly\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/zviratko-ktere-tvori-perly\/","headline":"Zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tko, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed perly","name":"Zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tko, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed perly","description":"Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je perlorodka. Nejen pro to, co um\u00ed, ale i jak \u017eije. Jej\u00ed \u017eivot by snad mohl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n z\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak … ","datePublished":"2022-10-02","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"karaus.cz","url":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/48db5b3634ed7a3f1f89bca90f0a2521b0bb3970d57e3653d258d10b0f31fdf3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/48db5b3634ed7a3f1f89bca90f0a2521b0bb3970d57e3653d258d10b0f31fdf3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"karaus.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/bridal-g6a649b940_640.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/bridal-g6a649b940_640.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/zviratko-ktere-tvori-perly\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":416,"articleBody":"Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je perlorodka. Nejen pro to, co um\u00ed, ale i jak \u017eije. Jej\u00ed \u017eivot by snad mohl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n z\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak se my, lid\u00e9, na zv\u00ed\u0159atech dopou\u0161t\u00edme n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Perlorodka \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed, latinsky Margaritifera margaritifera je sladkovodn\u00ed druh ml\u017ee. Jej\u00ed vzhled si snad p\u0159edstavujeme docela spr\u00e1vn\u011b, i kdy\u017e mnoho z\u00a0n\u00e1s ji nikdy na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di nevid\u011blo, jeliko\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed perlorodek se ve 20. stolet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eilo. Lasturky b\u00fdvaj\u00ed tmav\u00e9 barvy, jsou pom\u011brn\u011b siln\u00e9, tak\u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti perlorodky dostate\u010dnou ochranu. Z\u00e1mek, kter\u00fdm jsou ob\u011b lasturky spojeny nem\u00e1 zoubky. Do d\u00e9lky m\u016f\u017ee perlorodka dor\u016fst a\u017e 13 cm. V\u0161eobecn\u011b perlorodky d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost chladn\u00fdm potok\u016fm, ale i \u0159ek\u00e1m, kde vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 dno, aby se do n\u011bj mohla zavrtat, a tak p\u0159e\u010dk\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed roky. \u017div\u00ed se drobn\u00fdmi zbytky rostlinn\u00e9ho i \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, kter\u00fd se p\u0159efiltruje do p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edho otvoru mezi lasturami. Tento otvor nen\u00ed od otvoru vyvrhovac\u00edho z\u0159eteln\u011b odd\u011blen. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se perlorodky mohou rozmno\u017eovat. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jedinec si toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee vyvinout sam\u010d\u00ed i sami\u010d\u00ed pohlavn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, ale tak\u00e9 t\u0159eba pouze jeden typ. Sami\u010dka vypou\u0161t\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed vaj\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 jsou oplodn\u011bna zde se nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi spermiemi. Oplodn\u011bn\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do stadia larvy. Ty se \u017eiv\u00ed jako parazit\u00e9 na k\u016f\u017ei r\u016fzn\u00fdch ryb, posl\u00e9ze odpadnou a zahrabou se do p\u00edsku, kde p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed roky. D\u00e9lka \u017eivota takov\u00e9 perlorodky m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 150 let.\u00a0I v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch potoc\u00edch, \u0159ek\u00e1ch a rybn\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch se perlorodky v\u00a0minulosti hojn\u011b vyskytovaly. To, \u017ee na sb\u011br perel m\u011bla pr\u00e1vo pouze vrchnost, nebude asi \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm. Pokud se takov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti dopustili poddan\u00ed byli za to n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b potrest\u00e1ni, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u00fdpraskem nebo pen\u011b\u017eitou pokutou. Pokud se ji\u017e n\u011bkdo odhodlal a perlorodky pytla\u010dil, obvykle m\u011bl tak na sp\u011bch, \u017ee si ned\u00e1val pozor, jak perlu sb\u00edr\u00e1 a perlorodky l\u00e1mal vejp\u016fl. To pro perlorodku znamenalo rychlou smrt, a proto je dnes ve vod\u011b najdeme jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.1\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tko, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed perly","item":"https:\/\/www.karaus.cz\/zviratko-ktere-tvori-perly\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]